An individual with cirrhosis develops ascites and esophageal varices. Why does increased hepatic fibrosis contribute to these complications?

💡 Explanation

Increased hepatic fibrosis leads to activation of stellate cells, which deposit collagen and increase resistance to blood flow through the liver. This elevated resistance increases portal hypertension, thereby driving fluid into the peritoneum (ascites) and promoting varices, rather than alternative mechanisms that would directly reduce pressure.

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