As humans age, cellular antioxidant defenses decline; If a normally functioning liver cell experiences sustained oxidative stress due to this decline, which consequence follows?

💡 Explanation

Sustained oxidative stress impairs the electron transport chain and causes reactive oxygen species to attack mitochondrial DNA, leading to mutations and dysfunction, because the balance between production and removal of ROS is disrupted. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA damage accumulates, rather than protecting telomeres or improving ATP production.

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