During plasma arc welding, which event results if the arc energy density exceeds material's vaporization threshold?

💡 Explanation

When arc energy surpasses the vaporization threshold, rapid and localized material removal occurs, leading to intense heating and formation of a keyhole for deep weld penetration because of high energy plasma arc. Therefore, keyhole formation results, rather than cracking, reduced heat transfer, or grain growth which require different thermal gradients.

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