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During the Byzantine era, which degradation of mosaic composition risked structural weakening of larger installations?

A)Tesserae spalling by differential expansion
B)Grout erosion from acid rain
C)Gold leaf oxidation by moisture
D)Smalti staining by organic binders

💡 Explanation

Differential thermal expansion between glass tesserae and the substrate induces compressive stresses, causing spalling because shear stress overcomes adhesion rather than direct chemical attack; therefore cohesive zones weaken, which causes detachment risks increase greatly.

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