Following recent volcanic eruption with cooled lava flows, which process assists development of new soil?

💡 Explanation

Primary succession allows soil creation. Pioneer species colonize the new rock promoting pedogenesis through biological weathering and organic matter accumulation, therefore organic soils evolve, rather than halite formation, or mechanical disturbance of existing soils.

• Which mechanism drives upwelling along coastlines when Ekman transport moves surface water offshore?
• Which process leads to increased flooding severity following artificial levee construction?
• Which process contributes to hydrolysis during chemical weathering?
• Which pedogenic outcome is boosted when freeze-thaw cycles weather granite?
• Which risk increases within subterranean cave ecosystem boundaries when agriculture increases phosphorus runoff upstream?
• Which outcome occurs when glacial meltwater inflow exceeds lake outflow?