In the late Roman Empire, which consequence resulted from improperly heat-treating iron pilum tips?

💡 Explanation

Improper heating of the pilum's iron tip leads to brittle temper embrittlement, because grain boundary impurities segregate, which weakens the metal. Therefore, increased cracking occurs from torsional stress, rather than creep or simple bending. Also, magnetization or soil adhesion weren’t primary considerations.

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