In type 2 diabetes, why does increasing circulating insulin not always effectively lower blood glucose levels, even with functioning pancreatic beta cells?

💡 Explanation

Insulin resistance involves impaired GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle, which reduces glucose uptake; therefore, even if the pancreas produces more insulin, glucose clearance is limited. This is because muscle insulin resistance, rather than renal glucose handling or hepatic gluconeogenesis, limits glucose disposal in type 2 diabetes.

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