Which astronomical measurement enabled Al-Biruni to estimate the Earth's circumference in the 11th century?

💡 Explanation

When observing solar altitude at different locations, Al-Biruni employed triangulation because differences in angular height combined with known distances allow for estimation of Earth's curvature and circumference. Therefore, option B is correct, rather than lunar parallax, stellar position ,or planetary conjunctions, which were used for other astronomical calculations.

• Which consequence resulted when early marine chronometers experienced thermally-induced rate fluctuations within a ship's hull?
• Which risk increased concerning ziggurat structural integrity when water table rose due to irrigation expansion?
• Which mechanism enabled medieval Islamic engineers to determine canal dimensions using hydraulics and polynomial equations?
• Which outcome occurs when an 18th-century wooden ship undergoes prolonged immersion in saltwater, despite copper sheathing?
• Which structural weakness, common in medieval timber-framed buildings, arises from uneven settling of the foundation?
• Which outcome arises when early steam engines exceeded design temperature limits within the boiler?