Which behavior arises when a PID controller's integral term excessively accumulates error in a robotic arm?

💡 Explanation

When the integral term accumulates too much error via integral windup, the PID controller commands an excessive correction because negative feedback lags; this large, stored value causes a significant overshoot of the target position, leading to instability. Therefore, overshooting is the consequence, rather than oscillation, unresponsiveness, or drift, which involve derivative or proportional gain errors.

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