Which consequence primarily limits integrated circuit transistor miniaturization because current leaks?

💡 Explanation

Quantum tunneling allows electrons to pass through the gate oxide even when the transistor is off; this increases off-state current. Therefore, tunneling limits miniaturization, rather than ohmic heating from resistance at smaller scales.

• Which mechanism maintains protein structure despite thermal energy?
• Which consequence results when a crystal lattice contains dislocations?
• Which phenomenon enables atomic clocks to differ in gravitational fields?
• Which outcome results when exceeding the critical shear stress within a copper crystal?
• Which consequence results when a microwave cavity sustains excessive multipactor effect?
• Which outcome can initiate damage due to limitations of the Navier-Stokes equations under specific extreme turbulence scenarios?