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← ScienceWhich consequence results when a PID controller's integral term saturates?
A)Accumulated error causes integral windup✓
B)System oscillates with greater frequency
C)Reduced gain achieves faster response
D)Phase margin increases until instability
💡 Explanation
Integral saturation causes accumulated error because the output does not correspond to the integrated error. Therefore, integral windup occurs, rather than oscillation or improved stability, due to the controller holding a maxed value.
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