Which consequence results when engineers improperly apply the Hagen–Poiseuille equation to a rough-walled pipe?

💡 Explanation

Increased wall roughness increases frictional losses, leading to higher actual pressure drops. Applying the Hagen–Poiseuille equation that assumes laminar flow misses this; this viscous dissipation requires greater pumping power, therefore demands are underestimated rather than accurately estimated under turbulent conditions.

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