Which consequence results when excess oxide anions accumulate at the interface of a solid-oxide fuel cell's electrolyte?

💡 Explanation

Reduced ionic conductivity occurs because vacancy formation can be poisoned near interfaces, limiting the *Grotthuss mechanism* by which oxide ions migrate across. Therefore, ionic transport decreases rather than electronic increases or maintained crystal integrity, under these charge imbalances.

• Which outcome occurs when highly charged ions accumulate excessively near a desalination membrane?
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