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← GeographyWhich consequence results when excessive accumulation of pyroclastic material on a volcano flank leads to ground saturation during heavy rainfall?
A)Lahars forming catastrophic mudflows✓
B)Caldera collapse causing flank instability
C)Pillow lava formations develop rapidly
D)Shield volcano development accelerating spatially
💡 Explanation
A lahar forms because the saturated pyroclastic material loses its shear strength, initiating devastating flows via mass wasting. Therefore, lahars form, rather than caldera collapse occurring internally; these are due to magma chamber dynamics rather than shallow surface conditions.
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