Which destructive outcome occurred on Hadrian's Wall when stone availability required thinner walls for Roman ballista emplacements?

💡 Explanation

Reduced wall thickness decreased resistance to shear stress. This caused shear stress to surpass the stonework's material strength near ballista impact zones, causing collapses, because the stone's ability to absorb mechanical stress decreased, therefore failure ensued; rather than subsidence or thermal failure playing a lead role.

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