Which effect arises when a closed-loop hydraulic actuator positioning a robotic arm experiences excessive gain?

💡 Explanation

When excessive gain occurs in a closed-loop system, the actuator overreacts to small errors because correcting force amplifies, leading to cyclical overshooting and undershooting position. Therefore, an oscillatory movement results, rather than friction, decreased modulus, or backlash which would create different types of errors.

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