Which horizon gradient occurs when forest soils experience leaching?

💡 Explanation

Leaching preferentially removes cations from upper soil horizons, resulting in Podzolization; plant respiration enhances downward acidity because this mineral dissolution process dominates, therefore acidity increases in the A and E horizons rather than showing decreased base saturation.

• Which risk increases when thawing permafrost destabilizes high-altitude mountain slopes covered with colluvium?
• Which risk especially intensifies with El Niño-driven currents?
• Which outcome occurs when a mid-latitude cyclone intensifies, disrupting normal Hadley cell circulation?
• Which outcome occurs when rapid alluvial deposition obstructs established waterways?
• Which risk significantly escalates following lava crystallization crust formation?
• Which phenomenon results when upper-level divergence aloft exceeds surface convergence in an idealized Hadley cell?