Which impact occurs to soil composition when prolonged, intense rainfall leads to substantial downward water movement?

💡 Explanation

Nutrient depletion occurs because rainwater carries soluble minerals via leaching as it percolates downward, therefore topsoil loses fertility; rather than the other options, impacting pH or weathering indirectly or negligibly compared to nutrient loss.

• Which outcome predominates when a continental plate subducts under another continental plate at a convergent boundary?
• Which post-eruption outcome is initiated by pyroclastic flow deposition?
• Which hydrologic outcome occurs when stream sinuosity increases disproportionately?
• Which process controls fjord sediment composition variation nearest the glacier terminus?
• Which chemical consequence results when geothermal vent fluids mix with karst groundwater?
• Which flow outcome results when debris deposition overwhelms channel capacity at steep mountain exits, forming alluvial fans?