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← ScienceWhich increased risk results when a municipal water supply encounters prolonged sub-zero temperatures?
A)Pipe burst due to volumetric expansion✓
B)Reduced chlorine disinfection effectiveness occurs
C)Formation of ice-dams on building roofs
D)Increased dissolution of lead pipework
💡 Explanation
Pipe bursting risk rises—water volume increases approximately 9% upon freezing because hydrogen bonding forces water molecules into a crystal lattice; it is volumetric expansion rather than change of reaction or ice-dam formation, which don't directly cause failure within the pipe itself.
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