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Which increased risk results when a municipal water supply encounters prolonged sub-zero temperatures?

A)Pipe burst due to volumetric expansion
B)Reduced chlorine disinfection effectiveness occurs
C)Formation of ice-dams on building roofs
D)Increased dissolution of lead pipework

💡 Explanation

Pipe bursting risk rises—water volume increases approximately 9% upon freezing because hydrogen bonding forces water molecules into a crystal lattice; it is volumetric expansion rather than change of reaction or ice-dam formation, which don't directly cause failure within the pipe itself.

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