Which innovation allowed Islamic astronomers, particularly in observatories like Maragheh, to predict planetary positions with increased accuracy?

💡 Explanation

Using trigonometric functions enabled accurate calculation of celestial angles and distances across years because they could model movements mathematically, refining calculations to improve prediction accuracy significantly. Therefore trigonometric functions yielded greater accuracy, rather than epicycles modification (existing Ptolemaic model upgrade), or fully heliocentric models and hourglass timers which weren't the primary improvement drivers.

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