Which irreversibility arises in Rankine cycle steam turbines?

💡 Explanation

Turbine friction converts kinetic energy to thermal energy via viscous dissipation, increasing entropy because heat is added without useful work. Therefore, frictional losses reduce efficiency, rather than improved energy extraction as would occur via purely expansion.

• Which consequence results when the equilibrium constant changes in a chemical reaction within a closed bioreactor?
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• Which outcome occurs when pi-bonds rupture in butadiene?
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