Which issue significantly reduced transportation efficiency along Roman roads during periods of thawing after prolonged freezing?

💡 Explanation

During freeze-thaw, water infiltrates pores in Roman road materials and expands upon freezing, causing internal stress eventually surpassing the material strength and leading to surface spalling and disintegration. Therefore spalling is the result, rather than reduced traction, dust clouds, or buckling, requiring different environmental triggers or mechanical limits.

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