Which malfunction occurs when excessively high gain destabilizes a closed-loop process control system?

💡 Explanation

When gain is excessively high, instability results due to increased sensitivity, causing continuous overcorrection and undercorrection around the setpoint: a limit cycle, from sustained controlled oscillation. Therefore, excessive gain results in limit cycling, rather than stiction, ramp-up, or deadband which stem from valve problems, integrator saturation, resolution limitations respectively.

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