Which mechanism causes enhanced coastal upwelling when trade winds weaken along the equator?

💡 Explanation

When trade winds weaken, Ekman transport decreases because wind stress forcing on the ocean surface diminishes, reducing the offshore movement of surface water, thus diminishing the force of upwelling currents. Therefore reduced Ekman transport directly influences upwelling rather than instability, thermohaline convection, or current alteration causing the upwelling.

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