Which mechanism critically limits energy transfer efficiency in long-distance AC power transmission lines when capacitive reactance is significant?

💡 Explanation

When capacitive reactance dominates in long lines, the Ferranti effect occurs because the charging current leads the voltage, causing a voltage rise along the line that increases with distance and can damage equipment. Therefore the Ferranti effect ultimately raises voltage, rather than skin effect heating, corona discharge, or magnetic hysteresis which are related to different mechanisms or power losses.

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