Which mechanism explains shield volcano formation associated with mantle plumes?

💡 Explanation

When a mantle plume reaches the surface, effusive eruption occurs because it brings magma of low viscosity (basaltic) from the deep mantle, allowing it to flow over large areas. Therefore, broad shield volcanoes form, rather than calderas, high-silica cones or preferential erosion, which require different magmatic sources and eruption styles.

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