Which mechanism increases reaction rate significantly above theoretical collision rate predicted by Arrhenius equation?

💡 Explanation

When reactants encounter an activation barrier, quantum tunneling can occur because reactants with energy less than the activation energy have a non-zero probability of passing through the barrier, increasing the observed reaction rate. Therefore, quantum tunneling is the primarily mechanism, rather than concerted or stabilization which usually provide minor benefits, or vibrational excitation requiring high-energy input.

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