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Which mechanism limits the effectiveness of a drug using receptor targeting within cell membranes?

A)Steric hindrance blocking binding
B)Charge repulsion preventing entry
C)Solvation shell stabilizing molecules
D)Receptor down-regulation reducing sensitivity

💡 Explanation

With prolonged drug exposure, receptor down-regulation occurs where cells reduce the number of surface receptors via endocytosis to reduce sensitivity to the drug's signaling and stimulation. Therefore reduced sensitivity results, rather than steric hinderance, coulombic repulsion, or solvation preventing receptor interaction, which are independent of chronic application.

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