Which mechanism limits the switching speed improvements from decreasing capacitance of integrated circuit transistors?

💡 Explanation

When capacitance is decreased, the voltage changes occur faster for a given current, but gate leakage current, driven by electric field and quantum effects, becomes a proportionally larger factor and limit switching performance because this current is fixed. Therefore gate leakage limits improvements, rather than saturation, thermal resistance, or quantum tunneling, which are mitigated through fabrication.

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