Which mechanism reduces thermal efficiency when hot exhaust bypasses turbine blades in a Brayton cycle gas turbine?

💡 Explanation

Working fluid short-circuiting lowers efficiency, because it avoids energy extraction via *adiabatic expansion* against the turbine. This reduces power output; therefore efficiency drops; rather than if losses were constrained locally within a component of an otherwise complete working closed cycle.

• Which outcome occurs when a packed-bed reactor experiences significant catalyst fouling?
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