Which metabolic constraint primarily restricts net photosynthesis under intensely high CO2?

💡 Explanation

Under intensely high carbon dioxide levels, RuBisCO enzymes operate at their kinetic limit due the fixed rate of carbon fixation and other reactions becoming limiting because even abundant CO2 cannot be processed past a certain point by fixation metabolic pathways. Therefore, RuBisCO kinetic limits net photosynthesis, rather than pathways dependent on inorganic phosphate regeneration such as ATP generation, or other rate-limited secondary downstream impacts.

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