Which observation validates gravitational lensing arising from spacetime curvature?

💡 Explanation

Gravitational lensing validates curvature because the Shapiro delay alters photon trajectories around massive objects, therefore distant galaxies appear distorted, rather than exhibiting redshift variation due to expansion or cosmic background isotropy.

• Which outcome occurs during stellar nucleosynthesis from gravitational confinement?
• Which risk increases when heat removal fails during nuclear fission?
• Which risk increases when operating a real heat engine with conditions approximating an ideal Carnot cycle?
• Which outcome reduces the pressure differential in a Carnot heat engine?
• Which reaction occurs when sodium chloride dissolves in water?
• Which outcome occurs at equilibrium when a closed-system reversible reaction is perturbed, changing initial species concentrations?