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Which optical outcome reduces contrast because of imperfections?

A)Speckle pattern from surface roughness
B)Chromatic aberration by prism dispersion
C)Coma from off-axis mirror reflection
D)Astigmatism during retinal image formation

💡 Explanation

Speckle patterns reduce a laser beam's maximum contrast, because the **interference** of scattered light off a microscopically irregular surface causes localized constructive and destructive signal variations; therefore, speckle reduces resolution rather than introducing aberrations.

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