Which outcome accelerates when trapped water freezes inside asphalt?

💡 Explanation

Raveling accelerates due to ice expansion. The water undergoes phase transition into ice, increasing its volume via volumetric expansion. This subjects the asphalt to greater tensile stresses, because the expanding ice dislodges the aggregate, therefore option A occurs rather than other surface characteristics changing significantly.

• Which outcome impairs efficiency when vapour compression cycles fail at subcooling?
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