Which outcome impairs photovoltaic performance when oxygen vacancies form at the interface between two oxide layers with overlapping orbitals?

💡 Explanation

Increased electron-hole recombination impairs performance because oxygen vacancies introduce mid-gap states, facilitating Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. This occurs because those vacancies creates trap states via the hybridisation of orbitals. The resulting recombination reduces efficiency, therefore increasing electron-hole recombination is expected rather than optimal carrier extraction.

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