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Which outcome is likely when thermal vibrations excessively perturb a semiconductor crystal lattice at temperatures normally ensuring intrinsic behavior?

A)Band gap energy becomes temperature-dependent
B)Free carrier concentration decreases sharply
C)Fermi level shifts towards mid-gap
D)Material transitions into superconducting state

💡 Explanation

The band gap narrows as atomic spacing fluctuates excessively, causing thermal band gap narrowing because increased energy states appear within the previously forbidden zones. Therefore, the band gap is temperature dependent, rather than a transition to modified electron behavior or superconductivity.

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