Which outcome occurred when ancient Mesopotamian copper smelting furnaces exceeded a critical oxygen level?

💡 Explanation

When oxygen levels rose too high during smelting, excessive oxidation of the copper occurred, promoting the formation of copper oxides. These oxides readily dissolved into the slag because they have a stronger affinity for slag-forming elements. Therefore significant copper loss resulted, rather than ductility enhancement or lining protection, which require different atmosphere controls.

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