Which outcome occurs in a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell using phosphoric acid when the membrane dries?

💡 Explanation

Drying increases fuel crossover because the proton transport mechanism now requires unbroken liquid electrolyte paths; therefore fuel crosses rather than remaining separated, increasing efficiency losses, because hydrogen bonding with water declines.

• Which mechanism enables enhanced ion mobility in fast-conducting crystalline solids?
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• Which risk increases significantly when designing polyethylene gas pipelines at low temperatures?
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