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Which outcome occurs when electrons encounter a nanoscale constriction?

A)Quantized conductance is directly measured.
B)Superconductivity arises spontaneously because temperature drops.
C)Dielectric breakdown causes immediate component failure.
D)Thermoelectric effect reverses polarity suddenly.

💡 Explanation

When electrons move through a constriction smaller than their de Broglie wavelength, quantum confinement occurs; therefore, conductance becomes quantized due to discrete energy levels, rather than showing continuous behavior which requires larger dimensions.

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