Which outcome occurs when freeze-thaw cycles cause rock weathering above a permafrost layer?

💡 Explanation

The formation of solifluction lobes is triggered because freeze-thaw weathering causes saturated soil to detach and sag downhill via gelifluction, therefore soil lobes form rather than deep valleys, which are formed by fluvial erosion, and requires continuous liquid water not permafrost.

• Which phenomenon causes increased soil acidity due to mineral depletion?
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• Which outcome occurs when gradual 'longshore drift' along a coastline encounters a significant river estuary?
• Which erosional mechanism deepens cirques during glacial advance?
• Which outcome occurs when excessive irrigation precedes leaching?