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← GeographyWhich outcome occurs when glacial melt rate exceeds outflow?
A)Glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) occurs✓
B)Thermokline depth gradually decreases downstream
C)Cryoconite hole formation accelerates locally
D)Subglacial stream networks experience braided morphology
💡 Explanation
A glacial outburst flood occurs when hydraulic head overcomes ice dam strength. The mechanism is hydrostatic pressure; meltwater accumulates because the outflow slows down, therefore pressure rises rather than the normal equilibrium, leading to a sudden release of water.
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