Which outcome occurs when increased wave energy impacts fragile coastal cliffs?

💡 Explanation

Sea caves and arches form because WAVE REFRACTION concentrates hydraulic action and abrasion on headlands causing differential erosion; therefore, sea cave enlargements/arch breach leads to stack formation, rather than shorelines building up or becoming stabilized against wave energy.

• Which topographic change develops because of the Karst dissolution?
• Which geological outcome dominates at the apex of an actively forming alluvial fan?
• Which mechanism causes an increase in coastal mountain elevation as a continental plate overrides a subducting oceanic plate?
• Which risk increases when a large glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) occurs toward lower elevations?
• Which outcome increases erosion beneath concentrated heavy infrastructure loads?
• Which impact occurs when El Niño's reduced upwelling weakens offshore ecosystems?