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Which outcome occurs when orthogonality is incomplete for atomic orbital wave functions?

A)Spurious non-zero electron tunneling probability
B)Electron spin decoherence is permanently inhibited
C)Excited state lifetime reaches infinity
D)Heisenberg uncertainty is precisely mitigated

💡 Explanation

Incomplete orthogonality allows electron density contributions across otherwise isolated regions because, without strict orthogonality, Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals yields non-vanishing interactions. Therefore, tunneling calculations become artificially high, rather than reflecting actual potential barriers.

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