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Which outcome occurs when substantial strain distorts crystal lattice?

A)Increased vacancy and interstitial defect density
B)Decreased grain boundary diffusion rate
C)Suppressed electron-phonon coupling strength
D)Enhanced perfect crystal ionic conductivity

💡 Explanation

Strain induces deviations from the ideal periodic structure; therefore, increased vacancy and interstitial point defect concentrations result, because atomic displacement alters equilibrium positions and equilibrium defect concentrations shift toward greater disorder, rather than reduced defect density.

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