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Which outcome reduces efficiency in laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) during microfabrication?

A)Material ablation threshold exceeded
B)Incomplete metal film delamination
C)Reduced laser beam coherence
D)Substrate thermal expansion mismatch

💡 Explanation

Reduced laser beam coherence negatively impacts LIFT transfers because spatial and temporal coherence ensure complete constructive interference patterns, creating consistent energy delivery and clean detachment; therefore poor coherence leads to uneven ablation, rather than other transfer errors.

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