Which outcome results when a diesel engine's injection timing is significantly advanced beyond the optimal setting?

💡 Explanation

When injection timing is advanced, earlier combustion causes higher peak cycle temperatures because most combustion occurs near top dead center where volume is minimized, increasing NOx formation. Therefore increased NOx results, rather than other emission changes, lower efficiency, or knocking which depend on other factors and timing offsets.

• Which outcome dominates when heat leakage bypasses refrigeration cycles?
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