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← GeographyWhich outcome results when subsurface streams encounter permafrost?
A)Thermokarst formation and thaw subsidence✓
B)Increased streamflow velocity and erosion
C)Decreased nutrient availability downstream
D)Accelerated chemical weathering of bedrock
💡 Explanation
Thermokarst formation happens because *Cryoturbation* mixes soil layers as subsurface streams accelerate permafrost thawing, creating voids. Subsidence, which causes more melting, follows; therefore, thermokarst appears rather than increased sediment load, which happens under temperate conditions.
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