Which perturbation arises during strong El Niño phases?

💡 Explanation

El Niño weakens Pacific trade winds; decreased wind stress inhibits upwelling because the Ekman transport of surface waters offshore diminishes, therefore productivity drops as nutrient-rich deep water ascent is suppressed, rather than enhanced carbon absorption by plankton.

• Which outcome results downstream when glaciers accelerate surge flow?
• Which outcome happens when increased glacial discharge alters North Atlantic salinity?
• Which mechanism causes glacial cirques to form on preferred mountain aspects?
• Which outcome occurs when earthworm populations exceed soil's carrying capacity?
• Which pressure gradient mechanism results from ocean currents carrying differing salinity?
• Which mass wasting process is amplified within a cirque containing thawing permafrost?