Which phenomenon amplifies seismic wave energy emanating upward through unconsolidated sediments?

💡 Explanation

When seismic waves encounter unconsolidated sediments, impedance contrast occurs because the density and velocity change, leading to wave reflections causing constructive interference and resonance. Therefore impedance contrast amplifies seismic energy, rather than liquefaction, interference within the column or refraction which have different seismic effects.

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