Which phenomenon causes signal attenuation in long undersea fiber optic cables that span thousands of kilometers?

💡 Explanation

When intense light travels long distances underwater, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) occurs because photons transfer energy nonlinearly to lower frequencies, causing power loss in the primary signal band via optical phonons generated in silica; therefore, Raman scattering accumulating non-linearly results, rather than dispersion which requires spectral dependence, water absorption demanding different wavelengths, or polarization mode dispersion depending on waveguide imperfections.

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